% $BLdBjNN0h$NFCDj(B

\chapter{ $BJ,;6%W%m%0%i%_%s%0$N8=>u$HLdBjE@(B \Comment{(Problem)} }
\label{dist}

$BK\>O$G$O!"J,;6%W%m%0%i%_%s%0$H(B
$B$=$N$?$a$N4D6-!"5!9=!"%D!<%k!"8@8l$K$D$$$F=R$Y$k!#(B

% \vspace{1em}

% $B%M%C%H%o!<%/F)2a@-$,IT==J,$JM}M3$r6qBNE*$K(B!

$BJ#?t$N%W%m%;%9$,6(D4=hM}$r9T$&J,;6%"%W%j%1!<%7%g%s$N3+H/$O!"(B
$BC`<!%"%W%j%1!<%7%g%s$N3+H/$KHf$Y$FHs>o$KFq$7$$!#(B
%
$B4{$KIa5Z$7$F$$$k<jB3$-7?8@8l$NJ,;63HD%$G$O(B
$B%M%C%H%o!<%/F)2a@-$,IT==J,$G$"$k$?$a!"%W%m%0%i%^$O(B
$BC`<!%"%W%j%1!<%7%g%s$rC1=c$KJ,;63HD%$9$k$3$H$,$G$-$J$$!#(B

$BBh(B\ref{processes}$B@a!"Bh(B\ref{sockets}$B@a!"Bh(B\ref{RPC}$B@a!"Bh(B\ref{ORB}$B@a!"(B
$BBh(B\ref{agents}$B@a$G!"4{B8$NJ,;6%W%m%0%i%_%s%05!9=$r5s$2$k!#(B


\section{ $B%W%m%;%9(B (Processes) }
\label{processes}

% $B%^%k%A%?%9%/(B
$B%^%k%A%W%m%;%9$H$O!";~J,3d%7%9%F%`(B (Time Sharing System)
$B$H8F$P$l$k<oN`$N%*%Z%l!<%F%#%s%0%7%9%F%`$K$h$C$FF3F~$5$l$?5!9=$G$"$k(B
\cite{OS}$B!#(B
%
$B$3$N<o$N%*%Z%l!<%F%#%s%0%7%9%F%`$OJ#?t$N%W%m%;%9$rC;;~4V$G(B
$B%9%$%C%A$7$J$,$i<B9T$9$k$3$H$K$h$C$F!"$=$l$i$N%W%m%;%9$,(B
$BF1;~$K<B9T$5$l$F$$$k$h$&$J:x3P$rMxMQ<T$KM?$($k!#(B

$BNc$($P!"%3%s%T%e!<%?MxMQ<T$O(B Web $B$r%V%i%&%:$7$J$,$i!"(B
CD $B$rD0$-$J$,$i!"%A%c%C%H$7$J$,$i!"J8=q$r:n@.$7$?$$$G$"$m$&!#(B
%
$B$^$?Nc$($P!"6d9T$N(B ATM $B$OJ#?t$NMxMQ<T$,J#?t2U=j$G(B
$BF1;~$KMxMQ$9$k$3$H$,$G$-$J$1$l$P$J$i$J$$!#(B

$B$3$N$h$&$JJ#?t$NI{%W%m%0%i%`$rA4$F<B9T$9$k$h$&$J(B
$B5pBg$JC10l$N%W%m%0%i%`$r:n@.$9$l$P!"(B
$BK>$_$N=hM}$rDs6!$9$k$3$H$O$G$-$k!#(B
%
$B$7$+$7!"$=$N$h$&$J5pBg$J%W%m%0%i%`$r:n@.$9$k$3$H$OFq$7$$!#(B
%
$BJ#?t$N%W%m%0%i%`$rFHN)$K:n@.$7!"F1;~$K<B9T$9$k$3$H$,$G$-$l$P!"(B
$B%W%m%0%i%^$OMF0W$K8D!9$N%W%m%0%i%`$r:n@.$7!"(B
$B%f!<%6$OJ#?t$N%W%m%0%i%`$r<B9T$9$k$3$H$,$G$-$k!#(B
%
$B5pBg$J0lKg4d%W%m%0%i%`$r:n@.$9$kI,MW$O$J$$!#(B

$B$9$J$o$A!"(B\term{$B%W%m%;%9(B}$B$H$O8D!9$N%W%m%0%i%`$N<B9T$N>uBV$G$"$k!#(B

\Comment
{fork / join $B$O!"%W%m%;%9$r@8@.$7!"(B
$BF14|$r9T$&$?$a$N:G$b4pACE*$JA`:n$G$"$k!#(B
%
$B$"$i$f$kC`<!@)8f$,(B goto $B$G%7%_%e%l!<%H$G$-$k$h$&$K!"(B
$B%W%m%;%9$NJ,;6$O(B fork $B$G%7%_%e%l!<%H$9$k$3$H$,$G$-$k!#(B}


\section{ $B%=%1%C%H(B (Sockets) }
\label{sockets}

$BJ#?t$N%W%m%;%9$ODL?.$K$h$C$FF14|$7$J$,$i6(D4=hM}$r9T$&!#(B
%
$BNc$($P!"(BWeb $B$G=&$C$?J8=q$rO@J8Cf$G0zMQ$9$k;~!"(B
Web $B%V%i%&%6$HJ8=q:n@.%=%U%H4V$G%G!<%?$rDL?.$9$k$3$H$,$G$-$l$P!"(B
$BF1$8FbMF$r%f!<%6$,BG$A9~$_D>$9I,MW$O$J$$!#(B

% IPC (Inter Process Communication)
% $B%7%0%J%k(B

Unix $B%*%Z%l!<%F%#%s%0%7%9%F%`$G$O!"(B
$B%W%m%;%94VDL?.$O%U%!%$%k!"%Q%$%W$J$I(B
\term{$B%9%H%j!<%`(B (stream)}$B$H8F$P$l$k%$%s%?%U%'%$%9$r2p$7$F9T$o$l$k!#(B
%
\Comment
{$BF~=PNOAuCV$b$^$?!"%U%!%$%k%7%9%F%`Fb$GI=8=$5$l$F$*$j!"(B
 $B%9%H%j!<%`$H$7$F%"%/%;%9$5$l$k!#(B}
%
$B$9$J$o$A!"(B
% $B%f!<%6$bJB9T%W%m%;%9$N0l<o$G$"$k$H9M$($k$H!"$"$i$f$k(B
$B%W%m%;%9$NF~=PNO$O%9%H%j!<%`$N%$%s%?%U%'%$%9$rM?$($i$l$F$$$k!#(B

% $BJB9T%W%m%;%9!"%9%H%j!<%`!"F14|!&HsF14|%a%C%;!<%8DL?.!"8N>c8!=P(B
% TCP/IP, C/S, $B%=%1%C%H(B, $B%[%9%H!"%m!<%+%k!"1s3V(B

\term{$B%=%1%C%H(B}$B$O%W%m%;%94VDL?.$KMQ$$$i$l$k%9%H%j!<%`$N0l<o$G$"$k!#(B
%
$B%5!<%S%9$rMW5a$9$k%/%i%$%"%s%H$H%5!<%S%9$rDs6!$9$k%5!<%P$+$i@.$k!"(B
$B%/%i%$%"%s%H(B/$B%5!<%P%b%G%k$K4p$E$$$F$$$k!#(B

$B%Q%$%W$O6&DL$N?F%W%m%;%9$r;}$D%W%m%;%94V$NDL?.$K$N$_MQ$$$i$l$k$,!"(B
$B%=%1%C%H$O%/%i%$%"%s%H$,%[%9%H$H%]!<%HHV9f$K$h$C$F(B
$B%5!<%P$r;XL>$9$k$3$H$K$h$C$F@\B3$r3NN)$9$k!#(B
%
$B%[%9%H$r;XDj$9$k$3$H$+$iJ,$+$k$h$&$K!"(B
$B%5!<%P%W%m%;%9$O%m!<%+%k%[%9%HFb$K$"$kI,MW$O$J$/!"(B
$B1s3V%[%9%HFb$K$"$C$F$bNI$$!#(B

$B%=%1%C%H$O(B BSD Unix $B$KM3Mh$9$k$,!"(B
C $B8@8l$N%=%1%C%H%$%s%?%U%'%$%9$O(B
System V $B7O(B Unix $B$d(B Windows $B$X$b0\?"$5$l$?!#(B
%
Java $B$G$O%=%1%C%H%$%s%?%U%'%$%9$,8@8l%l%Y%k$GDj5A$5$l$F$$$k!#(B

$BNc$($P!"(BWnn $B$J$I$N4A;zJQ49%5!<%P$O%=%1%C%H$rDL$8$F@\B3$5$l$?(B
$BF|K\8lF~NO%U%m%s%H%(%s%I$KBP$7$F%5!<%S%9$rDs6!$9$k!#(B

$B$^$?Nc$($P!"(BX Window System $B$N%5!<%P$O(B GUI $B%(%s%8%s$G$"$j!"(B
X $B$r1~MQ$9$k%/%i%$%"%s%H72$N0MMj$K1~$8$F(B GUI $B$r@8@.$9$k!#(B

$BB>$K$b!"(B
FTP (File Transfer Protocol),
SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol),
HTTP (Hyper Text Transfer Protocol)
$B$J$IB?$/$N%W%m%H%3%k$,%=%1%C%H$r1~MQ$7$F$$$k!#(B

% LDAP (Lightweight Directory Access Protocol)


\section{ RPC (Remote Procedure Call) }
\label{RPC}

RPC $B$d(B Java RMI $B$O!"(B
$B<jB3$-$d4X?t$r8F$S=P$97A<0$G1s3V$N%5!<%S%9$r<u$1$k5!9=$G$"$k!#(B
%
$B%=%1%C%H$X$NF~NO$,<jB3$-!&4X?t8F=P$7$N0z?t$H$7$F!"(B
$B%=%1%C%H$+$i$N=PNO$,4X?t$N7k2L$H$7$F!"F)L@2=$5$l$k!#(B
%
$BF)L@2=$,IT40A4$G$"$k$N$O!"(B
$B%*%V%8%'%/%H$KBP$7$F;2>H!&5U;2>H$NA`:n$rL@<($9$k$;$$$G$"$k!#(B

NIS (Network Information Service),
NFS (Network File System)
$B$O(B RPC $B$r1~MQ$7$F$$$k!#(B


\section{ ORB (Object Request Broker) }
\label{ORB}

CORBA (Common ORB Architecture) $B$d(B Jini $B$OJ,;6%*%V%8%'%/%H$r4IM}$7!"(B
$B1s3V$N%5!<%S%9!J%*%V%8%'%/%H!K$KBP$9$kMW5a$rCg2p$9$k5!9=$G$"$k!#(B
%
$B%*%V%8%'%/%H;X8~$K$*$1$k%*%V%8%'%/%H$H$O>uBV$r;}$C$?(B
$B7W;;C10L$G$"$j!"%W%m%;%9$K;w$?35G0$G$"$k!#(B

RPC $B$H$NK\<AE*$J:9$O!"(B
$BJ,;6%*%V%8%'%/%H$NEPO?!&8!:w(B (Name Service) $B$K$h$k(B
capability $B$N<hF@$K$"$k!#(B
%
$B$9$J$o$A!"%/%i%$%"%s%H$O%5!<%P$,$I$N%[%9%H$K$"$k$+(B
$B$J$I$N0LCV>pJs$r8!:w%5!<%S%9$rDL$8$FCN$k$3$H$,$G$-$k!#(B

$B%G%9%/%H%C%W4D6-(B GNOME (GNU Network Object Model Environment)
$B$O(B CORBA $B$r1~MQ$7$F$$$k!#(B

$B9-5A$N8!:w%5!<%S%9$OHs>o$K9-$$HO0O$GMM!9$K1~MQ$5$l$F$$$k!#(B
%
$B0J2<$K8!:w%5!<%S%9$NNc$r$$$/$D$+5s$2$k!#(B

DNS (Domain Name System) $B$O%[%9%HL>$r(B
name $B$H$7$F8!:w$r9T$&8!:w%5!<%P$r4^$s$G$$$k!#(B
%
DNS $B%f!<%6$OK>$_$N%[%9%H$N(B IP $B%"%I%l%9$rCN$C$F$$$kI,MW$O$J$$!#(B
%
DNS $B%f!<%6$,%[%9%HL>$r;XDj$9$k$@$1$G!"(B
DNS $B%5!<%P$,$=$N%[%9%HL>$r;}$D%[%9%H$N(B IP $B%"%I%l%9$r65$($F$/$l$k!#(B

% NIS

IRC (Internet Relay Chat) $B%7%9%F%`$O%A%c%s%M%k$r(B
name $B$H$7$F8!:w$r9T$&8!:w%5!<%P$r4^$s$G$$$k!#(B
%
IRC $B%f!<%6$O%A%c%C%H%5!<%P$,<B:]$K$O$I$N%[%9%H$N2?HV$N%]!<%H$G(B
$B@\B3$r<u$1IU$1$k$+$rCN$C$F$$$kI,MW$O$J$$!#(B
%
IRC $B%f!<%6$,%A%c%C%H$K2C$o$j$?$$%A%c%s%M%k$r;XDj$9$k$@$1$G!"(B
$B8!:w%5!<%P$,$=$N%A%c%s%M%k$r2TF/$7$F$$$k%A%c%C%H%5!<%P$r8!:w$7!"(B
$B<+F0E*$K@\B3$7$F$/$l$k!#(B

Gnutella $B$J$I$N(B Peer-to-Peer $B%7%9%F%`$O!"%U%!%$%kL>$r(B
name $B$H$7$F8!:w$r9T$&8!:w%5!<%P$r4^$s$G$$$k!#(B
%
Gnutella $B%f!<%6$OK>$_$N%U%!%$%k$,<B:]$K$O$I$N%[%9%H$K(B
$B$"$k$N$+$rCN$C$F$$$kI,MW$O$J$$!#(B
%
Gnutella $B%f!<%6$,K>$_$N%U%!%$%kL>$r;XDj$9$k$@$1$G!"(B
$B8!:w%5!<%P$,$=$N%U%!%$%k$r;}$D%[%9%H$r8!:w$7!"(B
$B<+F0E*$K%U%!%$%k$r%@%&%s%m!<%I$7$F$/$l$k!#(B


\section{ Mobile Agents }
\label{agents}

$B%b%P%$%k%(!<%8%'%s%H(B (Mobile Agents) $B$"$k$$$OC1$K%(!<%8%'%s%H$O!"(B
$B<B9T>uBV$r4^$`%W%m%;%9$N0\F0$K$h$C$FDL?.$rF)L@2=$9$k5!9=$G$"$k!#(B
%
RPC $B$d(B ORB $B$H$N:9$O!"(B
$BDL?.$5$l$k%a%C%;!<%8$,C1$J$k%G!<%?$G$O$J$/(B
$B<+N'E*$K7W;;!&0\F0$r9T$&%W%m%;%9$G$"$kE@$K$"$k!#(B

Java Bytecode, Macromedia Flash, Dynamic HTML
$B$J$I$,Hs>o$K5!G=$N@)8B$5$l$?%(!<%8%'%s%H$G$"$k$H9M$($k$H!"(B
$B%*%s%i%$%s%7%g%C%T%s%0$O%(!<%8%'%s%H$N1~MQ$G$"$k!#(B

$B$^$?!"(BWeb $B>e$GE}7W$d8!:w$N$?$a$N>pJs$r<+N'E*$K<}=8$9$k(B
Web Robots $B$O@5$K%(!<%8%'%s%H$G$"$k!#(B

\vspace{1em}

$B0J>e$G!"%W%m%;%9!"%W%m%;%94VDL?.!"(BRPC$B!"(BORB$B!"%(!<%8%'%s%H$K$D$$$F=R$Y$?!#(B
$B$3$l$i4{B8$NJ,;6%W%m%0%i%_%s%05!9=$O(B
C $B$d(B Java $B$J$I$N<jB3$-7?8@8l$K4p$E$$$F$*$j!"(B
$B;2>H$N%M%C%H%o!<%/F)2a@-$,IT==J,$G$"$k!#(B

$B<!$K!"J,;6%W%m%0%i%_%s%0$KFCD'E*$J$$$/$D$+$NLdBjNN0h$K$D$$$F=R$Y$k!#(B


\section{ $BK\<AE*$JJB9T@-(B (Concurrency) }

$BJ,;64D6-$K$*$$$F$O!"HsJ,;64D6-$K$*$$$F$O8+$i$l$J$$(B
$BK\<AE*$JJB9T@-$,%W%m%0%i%_%s%0$N=EMW$JMWAG$H$J$k!#(B

$BNc$($P!"$"$k6d9T8}:B$KBP$7$FJ#?t2U=j$GF1;~$K(B
$B?6$j9~$_!&0z$-=P$7$,9T$o$l$k$3$H$,$"$k$G$"$m$&!#(B
%
$B$b$7!"8}:B$KBP$7$FA`:n$r9T$&C<Kv(B
(ATM) $B$,$3$N@$$K0l$D$7$+B8:_$7$J$1$l$P!"(B
$BJ*M}E*@)Ls$+$i$=$N8}:B$KBP$9$kA`:n$O<+A3$K=g=xIU$1$i$l$k$G$"$m$&!#(B
%
$B$7$+$7!"$=$N$h$&$KJB9T=hM}$r9T$($J$$(B
$B6d9T%7%9%F%`$O<B:]$K$O;H$$J*$K$J$i$J$$!#(B

$B$3$N$h$&$JJ,;6%"%W%j%1!<%7%g%s$KBP$9$kMW5a$O!"(B
$B%5!<%S%9$rJ,;6$5$;$J$,$i!"(B
$B$7$+$7%G!<%?$O6&M-$7$?$$$H8@$&MWK>$+$i@8$:$k!#(B
%
$B$"$k6d9T8}:B$KBP$9$k?6$j9~$_!&0z$-=P$7=hM}$O(B
$BEl5~$G$bBg:e$G$b9T$($k$Y$-$G$"$k!#(B
%
$B$7$+$7!"$=$N8}:B$N;D9b$OEl5~$G$bBg:e$G$b(B
$B6&M-$5$l$F$$$k$Y$-$G$"$k!#(B
%
$BEl5~$G?6$j9~$s$@6b3[$rBg:e$G0z$-=P$9$3$H$,$G$-$J$$(B
$B$h$&$J6d9T%7%9%F%`$O;H$$J*$K$J$i$J$$!#(B

% $BIi2YJ,;6(B

$B6&M-%G!<%?$KBP$7$FJB9T=hM}$,9T$o$l$k>l9g!"(B
$B0lHL$K$=$l$i$N=hM}$N%H%i%s%6%/%7%g%s4IM}$,I,MW$G$"$k!#(B
%
$BNc$($P!";D9b(B10$BK|1_$N8}:B$KBP$7$F!"(B1$BK|1_$N?6$j9~$_$H(B
2$BK|1_$N0z$-=P$7$,JB9T$K9T$o$l$k$b$N$H$9$k!#(B
%
$B:9$70z$-;D9b$O(B \( 10 + 1 - 2 = 9 \) $BK|1_$G$"$k$Y$-$G$"$k!#(B
%
$B$7$+$7!"?6$j9~$_=hM}$,(B
\begin{enumerate}
\item $B;D9b$rFI$_9~$`(B 10$BK|1_(B
\item $B?6$j9~$`(B \( 10 + 1 \) $BK|1_(B
\item $B:9$70z$-$r=q$-9~$`(B 11$BK|1_(B
\end{enumerate}
%
$B0lJ}!"0z$-=P$7=hM}$,(B
\begin{enumerate}
\item $B;D9b$rFI$_9~$`(B 10$BK|1_(B
\item $B0z$-=P$9(B \( 10 - 2 \) $BK|1_(B
\item $B:9$70z$-$r=q$-9~$`(B 8$BK|1_(B
\end{enumerate}
$B$N$h$&$K9T$o$l!"?6$j9~$_$N3FA`:n$H0z$-=P$7$N3FA`:n$,(B
$B8r8_$K%9%$%C%A$7$J$,$i<B9T$5$l$k$H!"(B
9$BK|1_$G$"$k$Y$-:9$70z$-;D9b$O(B11$BK|1_$+(B8$BK|1_$N$$$:$l$+$K$J$k!#(B

$B$3$l$i$N=hM}$r@5$7$/9T$&$?$a$K!"?6$j9~$_!&0z$-=P$7=hM}$O(B
$B$=$l$>$lIT2DJ,(B (atomic) $B$G$J$1$l$P$J$i$J$$!#(B
%
$B$9$J$o$A!"?6$j9~$_=hM}$,@h$K;O$^$C$?$i!"(B
$B:9$70z$-$r=q$-9~$s$G$+$i$G$J$1$l$P(B
$B0z$-=P$7=hM}$r;O$a$F$O$J$i$J$$!#(B
$B5U$b$^$?F1MM$G$"$k!#(B

$B6&M-%G!<%?$KBP$9$k3F=hM}$rIT2DJ,$K$9$k$?$a!"(B
$B0lHL$K(B\term{$BGSB>@)8f(B}$B$,MxMQ$5$l$k!#(B
%
$B3F=hM}$O%m%C%/!"%;%^%U%)!"%b%K%?$J$I$H8F$P$l$kA`:n8"$r(B
$B<hF@$7$F$+$i$G$J$1$l$P<B9T$r;O$a$k$3$H$,5v$5$l$J$$!#(B
%
$B$3$l$i$NA`:n8"$O>o$K$?$@0l$D$N=hM}$KBP$7$F$N$_M?$($i$l$k!#(B
%
$B<B9T$r=*$($?=hM}$OA`:n8"$rJV5Q$9$k!#(B
$BJV5Q$5$l$?A`:n8"$O!"$=$NA`:n8"$rM=Ls$7$F$$$?!"$"$k$$$O(B
$B$=$N8e$KA`:n8"$r5a$a$F$-$?B>$N=hM}$KM?$($i$l$k!#(B
%
Java $B8@8l$N(B synchronized $B$OGSB>@)8f$r<B8=$9$k$b$N$G$"$k!#(B
% $B%9%l%C%I0BA4(B (thread safe)

$B%W%m%0%i%`$r<B9T$9$k$?$a$N$"$j$H$"$i$f$kItJ,=hM}$rIT2DJ,$K$9$l$P!"(B
$B%W%m%0%i%`$,!J>/$J$/$H$bJB9T=hM}$K4X$7$F!K8m$C$F$$$J$$$3$H$O(B
$BJ]>Z$G$-$k!#$7$+$7!"$3$N$h$&$J%W%m%0%i%`$O(B
$BJB9T%W%m%0%i%`$G$O$J$/!"C`<!%W%m%0%i%`$KEy2A$G$"$k!#(B
%
$B=>$C$F!"JB9T%W%m%0%i%_%s%0$K$*$$$F$OGSB>@)8f$K$h$k(B
$BIT2DJ,$J=hM}$r:G>.8B$KN1$a$k$3$H$,K>$^$7$$!#(B

$B$7$+$7!"%W%m%0%i%`$NGSB>@)8fItJ,$r$?$C$?0l9T8:$i$7$?$@$1$G(B
$BJB9T=hM}$,8m$j$K$J$k$3$H$OHs>o$KB?$$!#(B
%
$BNc$($P!">e5-$N?6$j9~$_=hM}$O<!$N$h$&$KIT2DJ,$G$"$k$Y$-$G$"$k!#(B
\begin{enumerate}
\item $B;D9b$KBP$9$kA`:n8"$r<hF@$9$k(B
\item $B;D9b$rFI$_9~$`(B 10$BK|1_(B
\item $B?6$j9~$`(B \( 10 + 1 \) $BK|1_(B
\item $B:9$70z$-$r=q$-9~$`(B 11$BK|1_(B
\item $B;D9b$KBP$9$kA`:n8"$rJV5Q$9$k(B
\end{enumerate}
$B$7$+$7!"$"$k%W%m%0%i%^$,;D9b$rFI$_9~$`A`:n$O;D9b$r(B
$B=q$-49$($kA`:n$G$J$$$N$GIT2DJ,$G$O$J$$$H9M$(!"(B
$BGSB>@)8fItJ,$N30$K=P$7$F$7$^$C$?$H$9$k!#(B
%
$B$3$N>l9g!"(B
\begin{enumerate}
\item $B?6$j9~$_A`:n$,;D9b$rFI$_9~$`(B 10$BK|1_(B
\item $B0z$-=P$7A`:n$,;D9b$KBP$9$kA`:n8"$r<hF@$9$k(B
\item $B0z$-=P$7A`:n$,;D9b$rFI$_9~$`(B 10$BK|1_(B
\item $B0z$-=P$7A`:n$,0z$-=P$9(B \( 10 - 2 \) $BK|1_(B
\item $B0z$-=P$7A`:n$,:9$70z$-$r=q$-9~$`(B 8$BK|1_(B
\item $B0z$-=P$7A`:n$,;D9b$KBP$9$kA`:n8"$rJV5Q$9$k(B
\item $B?6$j9~$_A`:n$,;D9b$KBP$9$kA`:n8"$r<hF@$9$k(B
\item $B?6$j9~$_A`:n$,?6$j9~$`(B \( 10 + 1 \) $BK|1_(B
\item $B?6$j9~$_A`:n$,:9$70z$-$r=q$-9~$`(B 11$BK|1_(B
\item $B?6$j9~$_A`:n$,;D9b$KBP$9$kA`:n8"$rJV5Q$9$k(B
\end{enumerate}
$B$H$$$&8m$C$?=hM}$,9T$o$l$k2DG=@-$,$"$k!#(B

$B$^$?!"J#?t$N=hM}$,J#?t$N6&M-%G!<%?$KBP$9$kA`:n8"$r(B
$B0lIt$:$D<hF@$7!"$*8_$$$K$b$&0lIt$NA`:n8"$rBT$AB3$1$k(B
$B%G%C%I%m%C%/$H$$$&8=>]$rHr$1$k$3$H$K$b!"(B
$B%W%m%0%i%^$OCm0U$7$J$1$l$P$J$i$J$$!#(B

% $BJBNs!"9-0hJ,;6(B


\section{ $BL5;k$G$-$J$$CY1d;~4V(B (Latency) }

$BJ,;64D6-$K$*$$$F$O!"7W;;5!FbIt$N5-21AuCV$K(B
$BHf3S$7$F?t@iG\!"?tK|G\$NDL?.CY1d$,5/$-$k!#(B

$B1R@1$rDL$8$FCO5e$NH?BPB&$HDL?.$9$k$3$H$b$"$k$G$"$m$&!#(B
%
$BDL?.<jCJ$,8wB.EY$r1[$($J$$8B$j!"(B
$BJ*M}E*$K5wN%$N1s$$J,;6DL?.$OHs>o$KBg$-$JCY1d;~4V$rH<$&!#(B

$B0lHL$K!"J,;6DL?.$NCY1d;~4V$O(B
$BL5;k$G$-$J$$DxEY$KBg$-$$$H9M$($k$Y$-$G$"$k!#(B


\Comment{
\section{ Open Computing }

$B%$%s%?!<%M%C%H(B

$BMM!9$J5!3#$d%*%Z%l!<%F%#%s%0%7%9%F%`$+$i@.$k(B
$B%X%F%m$J%M%C%H%o!<%/4D6-(B

inter-operability

$B%*!<%W%s$J%W%m%H%3%k(B

$BIUO?(B\ref{XML}
}  % end Comment


\section{ $BItJ,E*$J8N>c(B (Fault Tolerance) }

$BJ,;64D6-$K$*$$$F$O!"HsJ,;64D6-$KHf3S$7$F(B
$B%7%9%F%`$N0lIt$,8N>c$9$k$3$H$,B?$$!#(B
%
$BNc$($P!"%$!<%5%M%C%H%1!<%V%k$K$D$^$:$$$FCG@~$9$k$3$H$O(B
$B%^%6!<%\!<%I$N4pHW>e$NG[@~$,CG@~$9$k$3$H$h$j$bB?$$$G$"$m$&!#(B

$B$^$?Nc$($P!"%W%m%P%$%@$rDL$8$F%$%s%?!<%M%C%H$K@\B3$5$l$?(B
$B>.5,LO$N(B LAN $B$OFH<+$N(B DNS $B%5!<%P$r2TF/$7$F$$$J$$$3$H$,(B
$BB?$$$G$"$m$&$,!"%W%m%P%$%@$N(B DNS $B%5!<%P$X$N@\B3$r(B
$B<:GT$9$k$3$H$OBg$7$?;v8N$G$O$J$$!#(B

$BJ,;64D6-$K$*$$$F$O!"(B
$B$3$N$h$&$JItJ,E*8N>c$X$NBP=h$,I,MW$G$"$k!#(B

$B%*%Z%l!<%F%#%s%0%7%9%F%`$K$*$$$F$O!"(B
$B0l$D$N%W%m%;%9$N8N>c$K$h$C$F(B
$B%7%9%F%`A4BN$,8N>c$9$Y$-$G$O$J$$!#(B
%
$BF1MM$K!"(B
$B%M%C%H%o!<%/>e$N0l$D$N%[%9%H$dDL?.O)$N8N>c$K$h$C$F(B
$B%M%C%H%o!<%/A4BN$,!"$"$k$$$O(B
$B%M%C%H%o!<%/$K@\B3$5$l$?7rA4$J%[%9%H$,8N>c$9$Y$-$G$O$J$$!#(B

$B=>$C$F!"J,;6%"%W%j%1!<%7%g%s$K$*$$$FA4$F$N%W%m%;%9$O(B
$BB>$N%W%m%;%9$,8N>c$7$J$$$3$H$r4|BT$9$Y$-$G$O$J$$!#(B


\section{ $BJ]0B@-(B (Security) }

$BJ,;64D6-$K$*$$$F$O!"J]0B@-$,=E;k$5$l$k!#(B

$B7HBS>pJsC<Kv$K=;=j$d0E>ZHV9f$J$I$N8D?M>pJs$,K~:\$5$l$F$$$F$b!"(B
$B$=$N7HBSC<Kv$rMn$H$7$FB>?M$KMxMQ$5$l$?$j!"(B
$B$=$NC<Kv$+$i%M%C%H%o!<%/$K8D?M>pJs$,Aw?.$5$l$?$j$7$J$$8B$j!"(B
$B$=$l$i$N8D?M>pJs$,B>?M$K1L$l$k?4G[$O$J$$!#(B

$B$7$+$7!"C<Kv$K$=$l$i$N8D?M>pJs$rEPO?$9$kL\E*$O!"(B
$BLr=j$X$N<jB3$-$d%*%s%i%$%s%7%g%C%T%s%0$r4JC1$K:Q$^$;$k$?$a$G$"$m$&!#(B
%
$BB($A!"8D?M>pJs$O%M%C%H%o!<%/$KAw?.$5$l$k$3$H$,A0Ds$H$J$k!#(B
%
$B0lJ}$G!"$=$l$i$N8D?M>pJs$,8"Mx$N$J$$B>?M$K1L$l$k$3$H$,$"$C$F$O$J$i$J$$!#(B

$BJ,;6%"%W%j%1!<%7%g%s$O!"K\Mh$NL\E*$H$9$kAj<j$K==J,$J>pJs$rDL?.$7$J$1$l$P(B
$B$J$i$J$$!#0lJ}$G!"$=$l0J30$NAj<j$K8D?ME*$J>pJs$rO3$i$7$F$O$J$i$J$$!#(B

\vspace{1em}

$BK\>O$G$O!"%W%m%;%9!"%W%m%;%94VDL?.!"(BRPC$B!"(BORB$B!"%(!<%8%'%s%H$K$D$$$F=R$Y$?!#(B
$B$3$l$i4{B8$NJ,;6%W%m%0%i%_%s%05!9=$O(B
C $B$d(B Java $B$J$I$N<jB3$-7?8@8l$K4p$E$$$F$*$j!"(B
$B;2>H$N%M%C%H%o!<%/F)2a@-$,IT==J,$G$"$k!#(B
%
$B$^$?!"J,;6%W%m%0%i%_%s%0$KFCD'E*$J$$$/$D$+$NLdBjNN0h$K$D$$$F=R$Y$?!#(B

$B<!>O$G$O!"K\>O$G=R$Y$?J,;6%W%m%0%i%_%s%0$K$*$1$kLdBjE@$r2r7h$9$k$?$a$K(B
$BK\8&5f$,4pAC$H$7$F$$$k(B KL1 $B8@8l$H4{B8$N(B KL1 $B8@8l=hM}7O$K$D$$$F=R$Y$k!#(B

% end
